How One Janitor Cleaned the World

By Published on September 20, 2015

James Murray Spangler’s cough was getting worse. For a few years, the 48-year-old former salesman, hobbyist inventor and father of three had been working as a janitor at Zollinger’s Department Store in Canton, Ohio, to help make ends meet. It was an unpleasant, menial job for a creative tinkerer used to toying with farm equipment and velocipedes, and Spangler suspected that the ocean of dusty carpet he had to sweep at the store was the reason his asthma was becoming almost intolerable.

So, in 1907, Spangler took matters into his own hands, and with an electric fan, a soapbox, a broom handle and one of his wife’s pillowcases, the janitor happened upon a solution to his medical, and financial, condition. Spangler’s “suction sweeper” — the precursor to the modern domestic vacuum cleaner — would revolutionize how Americans cleaned their homes, and kick start what is nearly a $15 billion industry today.

For centuries, the broom had been the domestic cleaning implement of choice, but in the late 19th century, a series of inventors started circling around a device to replace the tiring, time-consuming tool. Most of these early “carpet sweepers” dislodged dust by using compressed air to blow it off surfaces and into a receptacle — that is, until an English engineer named Hubert Cecil Booth put his mouth to an old handkerchief over a London couch and … inhaled. The film of dust that collected on the other side of the cloth affirmed Booth’s intuition that sucking, not blowing, was the way forward. By the turn of the century, Booth’s industrial “vacuum cleaner,” a bulky, gas-powered machine that required horses to transport it, would suck up the dust at establishments across London, including Buckingham Palace and the Crystal Palace.

Read the article “How One Janitor Cleaned the World” on ozy.com.

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